⚡Calling Flashloans

The White Whale Flashloan operation is a specific property of each of the Vaults deployed by White Whale. However, these flashloan messages are only executable by smart-contracts by design. To enable users (off-chain clients) to use flashloans without writing smart contracts, White Whale deployed a "Generalized Flashloan Router" contract. This contract (also called vault-router) is able to perform all the required flashloan operations without the user to specify each step. A very important property of this contract is that it is able to "route" the requested asset by the user to the right vault, thus, we only need one flashloan router contract for all vaults deployed on a chain and a user simply has to provide the requested asset.

Note: all assets the contract holds after executing all messages will be returned to the sender.

We will first briefly describe the message that a user needs to send to this flashloan router contract and then show a step-by-step example of how to obtain such a message for a specific use case.

Flashloan Router

The flashloan router contract requires a specific ExecuteMsg to be executed properly, this Msg is called "Flashloan". The message is described briefly in this section, however we will explain it with more details in this section.

As described in the Vault Router page, the Flashloan message has the following JSON format:

{
  "assets": [
    {
      "info": {
        "native_token": {
          "denom": "ujuno"
        }
      },
      "amount": "10000"
    }
  ],
  "msgs": [
    {
      "wasm": {
        "execute": {
          "contract_addr": "juno1...",
          "msg": "binary",
          "funds": []
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

However, from a client side, the message we need to send requires one extra layer nested layer with the flash_loan label, which leads to:

"flash_loan": {
  "assets": [
    {
      "info": {
        "native_token": {
          "denom": "ujuno"
        }
      },
      "amount": "10000"
    }
  ],
  "msgs": [
    {
      "wasm": {
        "execute": {
          "contract_addr": "juno1...",
          "msg": "binary",
          "funds": []
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

The above message requires only two fields to be provided by the user:

Key	Type	Description
assets	Vec<Asset>	A list/array of assets the user wants to borrow
msgs	Vec<CosmosMsg>	A list/array of subsequent messages the contracts should perform given the borrowed funds
### Assets field
The assets field holds a list of asset types, which has the following structure, depending on whether the user wants to borrow a native_token (or IBC) of the chain or a token, which is a CW20 token:

Native/IBC token

"asset": {
  "amount": "1000000", 
  "info": {
    "native_token":{
      "denom": "ujuno"
    }
  }
}

CW20 token

"asset": {
  "amount": "1000000", 
  "info": {
    "token":{
      
      "contract_addr": "juno12x12...." #the contract address of the CW20 token
    }
  }
}

Msgs field

The Msgs field holds all messages that the contract should execute sequentially. Meaning it will first execute the first message, then the second and so on. This gives the opportunity to use the results from the first message in the second message, which is really helpful in arbitrage for example. Every entry in Msgs should have the format of the type of message the user wants to send. For example when using a WasmExecuteMessage:

      "wasm": {
        "execute": {
          "contract_addr": "juno1...",
          "msg": "binary",
          "funds": []
        }
      }

However, any CosmosMsg is able to be sent, so it is also possible to have a bank send message in the flashloan router for example:

{
    "bank": {
        "send": {
            "to_address": "terra123",
            "amount": [{ "denom": "uluna", "amount": "1000000"}]
        }
    }
}

When we try to perform arbitrage however, we usually use the WasmExecuteMessage as we are trying to trade on a DEX, which is done via executing certain wasm messages like the WasmExecuteMessage. The lower level fields that a user needs to provide for this WasmExecuteMessage are:

Key	Type	Description
contract_addr	string	The address of the wasm contract on which the contacts has to perform msg
msg	string	The base64 encoded message the wasm contract on contract_addr needs to execute, see below for more details
funds	array	The funds the contract needs to use to execute this message, see below for more details.

msg field

in the above table is required to be of type string and should represent the base64 encoded message the contract needs to execute. Below an example of a native swap on a AMM-pool:

{
   "swap":{
      "max_spread":"0.05",
      "offer_asset":{
         "amount":"29830392",
         "info":{
            "native_token":{
               "denom":"uluna"
            }
         }
      },
      "belief_price":"0.649957"
   }
}

There's many tools available that are able to encode the above JSON format to base64 (like https://onlineasciitools.com/convert-ascii-to-base64) and it will lead to this base64 string:

ewogICAic3dhcCI6ewogICAgICAibWF4X3NwcmVhZCI6IjAuMDUiLAogICAgICAib2ZmZXJfYXNz
ZXQiOnsKICAgICAgICAgImFtb3VudCI6IjI5ODMwMzkyIiwKICAgICAgICAgImluZm8iOnsKICAg
ICAgICAgICAgIm5hdGl2ZV90b2tlbiI6ewogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAiZGVub20iOiJ1bHVuYSIK
ICAgICAgICAgICAgfQogICAgICAgICB9CiAgICAgIH0sCiAgICAgICJiZWxpZWZfcHJpY2UiOiIw
LjY0OTk1NyIKICAgfQp9

This string should be used as the msg field.

funds field

The funds field should hold a list of assets that have to be used to perform msg, however, these assets are only linked to the assets field of the overall flashloan message. Meaning if we are going to use the flashloan assets on the first message, only the first message should have this funds field filled with the borrowed asset:

{
  "amount":"29830392",
  "denom":"uluna"
}

As said it is possible to use the result of the first message in the second message and so on. This allowed for chained swaps to be executed sequentially with the previous message's result as input. see example for a full example.